Secondary metabolites identification from lichen usnea. Read lichen secondary metabolites bioactive properties and pharmaceutical potential by available from rakuten kobo. Secondary metabolites are divided into three major groups plant secondary metabolites can be divided into three chemically distinct groups. Effect of environmental change on secondary metabolite production in lichen forming fungi christopher deduke, brinda timsina and michele d. Anticancer potential of lichens secondary metabolites. The average amount from five sites of orsellinic acid, methyl orsellinate, lecanoric acid and atranorin in lichen on the nylon mesh were 6. Use of lichen secondary metabolites as antifeedants to protect higher plants from damage caused by slug feeding s j clark statistics department, iacr.
Lichens, which are defined by a core symbiosis between a mycobiont fungal partner and a photobiont photoautotrophic partner, are in fact complex assemblages of microorganisms that constitute a largely untapped source of bioactive secondary metabolites. The production of various unique extracellular secondary metabolites known as lichen substances is the result of this symbiosis. Secondary metabolism in the lichen symbiosis chemical. While certain groups may have secondarily lost a lichen habit.
Lichens are organisms which are formed through symbiotic association of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Role of lichen secondary metabolities and pigments uv. Pg and research department of biotechnology, womens christian college, college road, chennai 600006, tamilnadu, india. The sensitivity of the human keratinocyte cell line hacat to several lichen metabolites isolated from parmelia nepalensis and parmelia tinctorum was evaluated. They produce characteristic secondary metabolites which are unique with respect to those of higher plants 2. Sep 15, 2015 to date, nearly a thousand secondary metabolites of lichens have been discovered and some of these unique lichen metabolites are effective against various in vitro cancer models. In the present study, we tested the cytotoxic activity of 17 lichen species against several human cancer cells and further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying their anticancer activity. However, although lichens are a source for screening for anticancer active compounds, only a small number of compounds have been tested 9. Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in a longterm impairment of the organisms survivability, fecundity, or aesthetics, or. Lichens as well as lichen secondary metabolites, a lso known as lichen acids, exert important abilit ies in the protection against carcinogenesis 23, which is d u e to their antioxidant.
Lichensa promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites volume 3 issue 2 joel boustie, martin grube skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Lichens, which are formed by symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi, synthesize naturally many secondary metabolites with different properties and functions, in response to environmental stress. The aim of this paper is to provide uptodate knowledge about anticancer e ects of lichen extracts or their secondary metabolites on di erent signal pathways involved in cancer andor carcinogenesis. Historically, compounds isolated from lichens have p chemical signaling at the eukaryoticprokaryotic interface. Siegfried huneck whose lifetime work was the basis for the chemical library of lichen secondary metabolites in berlin. Backorova m, jendzelovsky r, kello m, backor m, mikes j, et al. Unlike primary metabolites, absence of secondary metabolites does not result in immediate death, but rather in a longterm impairment of the organisms. However, secondary metabolites from antarctic lichens have rarely been the subject of chemical andor pharmacological investigations. Current results on biological activities of lichen. The quantities of these lichen substances were up to 30% of the dry weight of the lichen thalli in certain lichen species. The secondary metabolites may also protect lichens against herbivorous invertebrates. Lichens as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites.
Branislav rankovic is a full professor of lichenology and mycology at the department of biology and ecology, university of kragujevac, serbia. Pdf lichens as a potential source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Introduction the production and regulation of secondary metabolites in nonlichenized fungi, mainly. Depsides and depsidones are two major and representative groups derived from the polyketide pathway 3. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for students and researchers in this field. Pdf anticancer potential of lichens secondary metabolites. As a consequence, it was suggested that the potential to form lichen symbioses and richness in secondary compounds could be shared ancestral features of these ascomycetous lineages. Lichen forming fungi synthesize a great variety of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique. Antibacterial activity of lichen secondary metabolite usnic. Effect of environmental change on secondary metabolite production in lichenforming fungi christopher deduke, brinda timsina and michele d. Lichen forming fungi synthesize a great variety of secondary metabolites, many of. It further discusses their use in traditional medicine and highlights possible. His research primarily focuses on bioactive secondary metabolites in lichens, and he is the author of several textbooks and over 110 publications in international journals. These compounds exist within the thalli either in an amorphous form or as crystals.
Synthesis pathways and biological activities lichens, which are formed by symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi, synthesize naturally many secondary metabolites with different properties and functions, in response to environmental stress. Lichenforming fungi synthesize a great variety of secondary metabolites, many of which are unique. Lichen secondary metabolites in flavocetraria cucullata exhibit anticancer effects on human cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and suppression of tumorigenic potentials thanh thi nguyen, 1, 2 somy yoon, 3 yi yang, 1 hobin lee, 4 soonok oh, 1 minhye jeong, 1 jongjin kim, 4 sungtae yee, 4 florin crisan, 5 cheol moon. Lichen secondary metabolites as dnainteracting agents. Secondary metabolites of lichens as both antiaggregative and.
Short communication bioactivity of secondary metabolites and thallus extracts from lichen fungi mark kowalski a. Lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung. Lichen secondary metabolites bioactive properties and. In the course of our studies of secondary metabolites from antarctic lichens and mosses seo et al.
The role of secondary metabolites in lichen sym bioses is still uncertain. A database of highresolution msms spectra for lichen. Atranorin an interesting lichen secondary metabolite. Components of lichen thalli were detected by characteristic ultraviolet spectra and relative retention times. Isolation, purification and application of secondary metabolites from lichen parmelia perlata leela k and anchana devi c.
Ptp1b inhibitory secondary metabolites from the antarctic. These substances formed as a natural product by their metabolism, lichens have much potential utilization in industries including medicine, pharmaceutics, food. Chemicals targeting the liver stage ls of the malaria parasite are useful for causal prophylaxis of malaria. Lichen secondary metabolites from the cultured lichen.
A lichen is a stable, selfsupporting, mutualistic symbiont involving a fungus and a microalga andor a cianobacterium 1. Lichensa promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Host preference and performance of lichenivorous eilema. Pdf potential of lichen secondary metabolites against. Lichen produces a great variety of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour. Secondary metabolites are organic compounds produced by bacteria, fungi, or plants which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. To date, nearly a thousand secondary metabolites of lichens have been discovered and some of these unique lichen metabolites are effective against various in vitro cancer models. Lichen produces a great variety of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour, antioxidant, antihervivore, insecticidal, allelochemical. Their therapeutic potential ranges from antibiotic to antioxidant and from anticarcinogenic to antiviral activity. Pdf lichen secondary metabolites from the cultured lichen.
Laboratory tests have shown that a number of invertebrates will avoid various lichen metabolites and that some lichen metabolites will induce slower growth rates in the invertebrates that have consumed them. We studied the impact of lichen secondary metabolites on performance and host preference of lichenivorous larvae of the moth eilema depressum using a recently developed manipulation method that allows the removal of a major part of lichen secondary metabolites from the extracellular space of the lichen thallus without harming their primary. The whole spectrum of these compounds biological and medical functions, from antibiotic to antiviral and anticarcinogenic properties, is presented. Phenolic compounds are the most relevant secondary metabolites of lichen samples, and the best studied metabolites can be principally classified as depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans, and pulvinic acid derivatives huneck, 1999. Pierceynormore department of biological sciences, university of. Numerous literature data have supported the antioxidant action of lichen metabolites. The filtrate on the bottom layer chloroform fraction was turned out and the chloroform fraction was concentrated and weighed. We discuss here the potential clinical utility of lichen secondary metabolites or natural mixtures of. These results demonstrated that the lichen secondary metabolite, physciosporin, inhibits lung cancer cell motility through novel mechanisms of action.
Wang assistant professor department of forestry, nchu plant secondary metabolites secondary metabolites are those metabolites which are often produced in a phase of subsequent to growth, have no function in growth although they may have survival function, are produced by certain restricted. Secondary metabolites from lichen, mainly phenolic compounds, have been analysed and identified using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector. Secondary metabolites of lichens envis centre tamil nadu. The major group of these organic compounds which are found in lichens are products of secondary metabolism. Lichen produces a great variety of secondary metabolites with various biological activities including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour, antioxidant, antihervivore, insecticidal, allelochemical and allergenic action. Current results on biological activities of lichen secondary. The interactions between lichen metabolites and dna were investigated at physiological ph 7. Cytotoxic screening activity of secondary lichen metabolites. It further discusses their use in traditional medicine and highlights possible future directions in. Lichens are symbiotic organisms which produce distinct secondary metabolic products. Isolation, purification and application of secondary. Antioxidant potential of lichen species and their secondary metabolites. Lichen secondary metabolites from the cultured lichen mycobionts of teloschistes chrysophthalmus and ramalina celastri and their antiviral activities alejandra t. Relationship between lichen species composition, secondary.
The lichen secondary metabolite atranorin suppresses lung. Jun 28, 2008 use of lichen secondary metabolites as antifeedants to protect higher plants from damage caused by slug feeding s j clark statistics department, iacr. Introduction lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancerrelated death in humans worldwide 1, 2. Use of lichen secondary metabolites as antifeedants to. Analysis of secondary metabolites from lichen by high. Lichenforming fungi are unique organisms, producing biologically active metabolites with a great variety of effects, including antibiotic, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities. Lichen secondary metabolites in flavocetraria cucullata. Many of them have revealed effective biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotics, antifungal, and anticancer. Lichen secondary metabolites synthesis pathways and biological activities, acta biologica turcica 294. Lichens are symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Some new minor components have been found in several lichens. Amino acids, proteins, vitamins and polysaccharides are examples of primary metabolites and the majority of primary metabolites are not specific to lichens but are also found in nonlichenised fungi or other organisms. Pdf lichen secondary metabolites from the cultured.
Lichens produce different classes of phenolic compounds, including anthraquinones, xanthones, dibenzofuranes, depsides and depsidones. Lichen secondary metabolites exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiin. Lichen secondary metabolites from the cultured lichen mycobionts of teloschistes chrysophthalmus and ramalina celastri and their antiviral activities. Relationship between lichen species composition, secondary metabolites and soil ph, organic matter, and grain characteristics in manitoba mohanad zraik, tom booth, michele d. Effect of environmental change on secondary metabolite. Most of the lichen substances are phenolic compounds and are reported to have wide variety of biological actions. The secondary metabolites deserve more detailed study using various targets to screen for the pharmaceutical potential of the lichens compounds.
Various printed or web sources use the expressions lichen acids or lichen substances instead of the term secondary metabolites. The present book discusses in detail the nature and bioactive properties of lichen secondary metabolites. Lichen is a known source of approximately 800 unique secondary metabolites, which are produced by the fungus and secreted onto the surface of hyphae either in amorphous form or as crystals 5. Atranorin, a compound with the depside structure, is one of the most common lichen secondary metabolites, characteristic for numerous lichen families but rarely found in some mosses and higher plants. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating. The effects of edaphic and climatic factors on secondary lichen chemistry. Antibacterial activity of lichen secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites produced by lichens are used to monitor air pollution, food for humans and animals, and also control the biodetoriation problems. In this symbiotic form, lichens produce a number of unique secondary metabolites through various biosynthetic pathways, namely, acetyl polymalonyl, shikimic acid and mevalonic acid pathways. Atranorin, biological activity, biosynthesis, depside, lichen, secondary metabolites. Aug 15, 2017 lichen is a known source of approximately 800 unique secondary metabolites, which are produced by the fungus and secreted onto the surface of hyphae either in amorphous form or as crystals 5. Pdf lichens a promising source of bioactive secondary. Antioxidant potential of lichen species and their secondary. More than 700 such compounds have now been isolated from nearly 5,000 lichen species.
Bioactivity of secondary metabolites and thallus extracts. Lichens produce an unique variety of extra cellular secondary metabolites known as lichen substances. Secondary metabolites identification from lichen usnea longissima ach 349 was formed. Lichens produce diverse secondary metabolites that show a variety of biological activities including anticancer activity. In addition, a new chapter discusses the antineurodegenerative and antidiabetic activities of lichenic secondary metabolites. Although lichen secondary compounds obviously have a significant role in host selection and host use of lichen feeders, additional factors such as lichen growth form, surface toughness and nutrient content may influence the food choice of lichen feeders mattson 1980. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating anticancer. The amount of secondary metabolites of the lichen parmotrema tinctorum from different substrates are shown in table 4.